Europe 1849: Restoring the Old Order

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Political map of Europe & the Mediterranean on 28 Aug 1849 (The Springtime of Peoples: Restoring the Old Order), showing the following events: Fall of Buda-Pest; Fall of Rastatt; Garibaldi’s refuge in San Marino; Treaty of Milan; Surrender at Világos; End of Republic of San Marco.

18 Jul 1849Austrians take
Buda-Pest

23 Jul 1849Prussia crushes
Rep. of Baden

31 Jul 1849Garibaldi takes
refuge in San Marino

6 Aug 1849Sardinia & Austria
sign peace treaty

13 Aug 1849Hungarians surrender
to Russians at Vilagos

27 Aug 1849Austrians enter Venice

28 August 1849

(more) (less…

31 Dec 6AD

Sep 9AD

1 Sep 16AD

1 Oct 18AD

30 Jun 26AD

29 Feb 36AD

23 Jan 41AD

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30 Apr 47AD

31 Aug 49AD

15 Jan 54AD

31 Jul 59AD

15 Oct 60AD

15 Nov 62AD

3 Oct 66AD

7 Jun 68AD

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5 Jul 102

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31 Oct 161

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28 Jan 198

Dec 202

sum 210

Sep 213

sum 216

8 Jun 218

28 Apr 224

6 Apr 227

fall 232

fall 235

2 Apr 238

26 Sep 1815

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28 Sep 1820

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6 May 1833

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27 Nov 1840

10 Sep 1844

3 Nov 1847

24 Feb 1848

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29 Oct 1848

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19 Dec 1848

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2 Dec 1852

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5 Nov 1854

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1 Apr 1857

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24 Jan 1859

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29 May 1860

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7 Oct 1949

21 Sep 1955

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26 May 1972

15 Jun 1977

25 Apr 1982

10 Nov 1989

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28 Feb 1991

27 Jun 1991

19 Aug 1991

6 Sep 1991

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1 Nov 1993

12 Jun 1999

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16 Aug 2008

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18 Mar 2014

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7 Oct 2015

27 Oct 2017

31 Jan 2020

…less)

The Springtime of Peoples

-27–68 The Julio-Claudian Dynasty 68–96 The Flavian Dynasty 96–192 The Nerva–Antonine Dynasty 192–235 The Severan Dynasty 235–285 The Crisis of the Third Century 285–1815 NO MAPS FOR THIS PERIOD YET 1815–1848 Congress Europe 1848–1850 The Springtime of Peoples 1850–1859 The Crimean War 1859–1862 Italian Unification 1862–1871 German Unification 1871–1914 Imperial Europe 1914–1918 The Great War 1918–1922 Armistice Europe 1922–1939 The Rise of Fascism 1939–1942 World War II: Blitzkrieg 1942–1945 World War II: Fall of the Third Reich 1945–1990 The Cold War 1990–2010 Post-Cold War Europe 2010–pres The Crisis of Europe

Europe

The Arctic North America South America

Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Northern Eurasia Europe Eastern Mediterranean

Asia Pacific Southern Asia East Asia

Australasia

Game of Thrones

Restoring the Old Order

24 Feb 1848 Year of Revolution Begins 21 Mar 1848 March Revolutions 11 Apr 1848 First Italian War of Independence 3 May 1848 German Question 23 Jun 1848 June Days 24 Jul 1848 First Battle of Custoza 26 Aug 1848 Truce of Malmö 29 Oct 1848 Vienna Uprising 19 Dec 1848 Rise of Napoleon III 23 Mar 1849 Battle of Novara 14 Apr 1849 Hungarian War of Independence 9 May 1849 May Uprisings 26 May 1849 Alliance of the Three Kings 3 Jul 1849 Fall of the Last Roman Republic 28 Aug 1849 Restoring the Old Order 29 Apr 1850 Erfurt Union 29 Nov 1850 Humiliation of Olmütz

The French capture of Rome effectively brought an end to the revolution in Italy, allowing Austria to reassert its traditional dominance in the north in August. At the same time, Russian intervention helped Austria crush the Hungarian rebellion while Prussia stamped out the last remnants of republicanism in Germany.

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Main Events

18 Jul 1849 Fall of Buda-Pest ▲

After invading Hungary with Russia in June 1849, some 60,000 Austrian Imperial troops led by Julius Jacob von Haynau recaptured the twin cities of Buda and Pest, capital of the secessionist Hungarian Republic, on 18 July. in wikipedia

23 Jul 1849 Fall of Rastatt ▲

In response to the May Uprising in Baden in 1849, Prussian troops under the leadership of Prince Wilhelm—later Wilhelm I of Germany—set out to crush the secessionist Republic of Baden. When Lorenzo Brentano, provisional president of Baden, hesitated to respond, he was overthrown by hardliners under Gustav Struve and Polish revolutionary Ludwik Mieroslawski. Nonetheless, Prussian forces prevailed, capturing the revolutionary center of Rastatt—at the time containing one of the strongest fortresses in Germany—and bringing an end to the short-lived republic. in wikipedia

31 Jul 1849 Garibaldi’s refuge in San Marino ▲

After marching across central Italy, avoiding French, Spanish, and Austrian patrols, Giuseppe Garibaldi and his remaining 250 followers took refuge in the Republic of San Marino. His wife Anita, pregnant to their fifth child, had died near Comacchio during the retreat. Garibaldi would spend the next few years in exile, traveling to New York, Central America, Peru, and various points around the Pacific, before returning to Italy in 1854. in wikipedia

6 Aug 1849 Treaty of Milan ▲

The Kingdom of Sardinia and the Austrian Empire signed the Peace Treaty of Milan, concluding the First Italian War of Independence. Sardinia renounced its claims to external territories and paid Austria an indemnity of 75 million francs. in wikipedia

13 Aug 1849 Surrender at Világos ▲

Hungarian General Artur Gorgey surrendered at Világos, Kingdom of Hungary, to Count Theodor von Rüdiger of the Russian Empire, formally ending the Hungarian Revolution. Despite Russian pleas for clemency, Austria enforced harsh reprisals against the Hungarian rebels, sentencing hundreds of soldiers and civilians to death and imprisoning many more. in wikipedia

27 Aug 1849 End of Republic of San Marco ▲

In May 1849 Austrian forces under Field Marshal Joseph Radetzky began their attack on the secessionist Republic of San Marco in Venice, which had vowed to fight on despite the defeat of Italian forces at Novara. After months of bombardment and with famine and cholera rampant in the city, the Venetian assembly finally gave President Daniele Manin authority to seek terms, which were agreed to on 22 August. Five days later, Radetzky marched his troops into Venice, accepting the complete surrender of the republic to the Austrian Empire. in wikipedia