Aug 1897Anglo-Egyptianforces takeAbu Hamed
Sep 1897Bagirmi acceptsFrench protection;conquered by Rabih
Oct 1897–May 1898French expeditionto Chad fails
25 Dec 1897Italians cedeKassala to Egypt
31 Dec 1897Zululand andAmatongalandannexed to Natal
8 Apr 1898British defeatMahdists at Atbara