Northern Eurasia 1991: Dissolution of the Soviet Union

Political map of Russia & the former Soviet Union on 25 Dec 1991 (Successors of the Soviet Union: Dissolution of the Soviet Union), showing the following events: Independence of Kazakhstan; Alma-Ata Protocol; Georgian Civil War; Dissolution of the Soviet Union.

16 Dec 1991Kazakhstan declares
independence

21 Dec 1991Commonwealth of
Independent States formed

22 Dec 1991–31 Dec 1993Civil war in Georgia

25 Dec 1991Gorbachev resigns, officially
dissolving Soviet Union

Dissolution of the Soviet Union

6 Sep 1991 Baltic Indepedence 12 Dec 1991 Belavezha Accords 25 Dec 1991 Dissolution of the Soviet Union 4 Oct 1993 Russian Constitutional Crisis 18 Jun 1995 First Chechen War 6 Feb 2000 Second Chechen War 13 Nov 2001 US invasion of Afghanistan 23 Mar 2005 Color Revolutions 7 Aug 2008 South Ossetia War 27 Feb 2014 Crimean Crisis 30 Jun 2014 Donbass Rebellion 30 Sep 2015 Syrian Civil War 9 Nov 2016 Russian Electoral Interventions 15 Jan 2020 Northern Eurasia Today

The signing of the Belavezha Accords and secession of Russia ended all hopes of preserving Soviet power. On 25 December 1991, Mikhail Gorbachev resigned as president, officially dissolving the Soviet Union.

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Main Events

16 Dec 1991 Independence of Kazakhstan ▲

The Republic of Kazakhstan declared its independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. It was the last republic to secede. in wikipedia

21 Dec 1991 Alma-Ata Protocol ▲

The seceding Soviet republics of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan agreed to the Alma-Ata Protocol, forming the Commonwealth of Independent States as a regional organization to succeed the Soviet Union. The protocol also supported the Russian Federation’s assumption of the Soviet Union’s United Nations membership, including its permanent seat on the UN Security Council. in wikipedia

22 Dec 1991–31 Dec 1993 Georgian Civil War ▲

Rebels seized control of much of Tbilisi, capital of the Republic of Georgia, forming the Military Council and forcing the government of President Zviad Gamsakhurdia to flee the country. Fighting between the two factions continued, complicated by secessionist movements in Abkhazia and South Ossetia, until the Military Council was able to secure control over most of the country under President Eduard Shevardnadze. in wikipedia

25 Dec 1991 Dissolution of the Soviet Union ▲

On the morning of 25 December 1991, in a nationally televised speech, Mikhail Gorbachev resigned as president of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, declaring the office extinct and ceding all its powers to Russian president Boris Yeltsin. At 7:32 pm that night, the Soviet flag was lowered for the last time in Moscow and the Russian tricolor raised in its place, symbolically marking the end to the Soviet Union and the independence of the eleven remaining Soviet republics. in wikipedia