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By 1848 Sicilians had grown hostile to the oppressive Bourbon regime in Naples, which continued to suppress Sicily’s autonomy while doing little to alleviate the island’s poverty. On 12 January, in an event deliberately planned to coincide with King Ferdinand II’s birthday, a popular uprising broke out in Palermo, emboldening Sicilian nobles to immediately resuscitate the constitution of 1812. The revolt spread quickly and by the end of the month the citadel in Messina was the only royalist bastion on Sicily.
in wikipedia
10 Feb–14 Mar 1848 Constitutions in the Italian states
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The January 1848 Sicilian Revolution triggered urban unrest across the Italian peninsula. Between February and March, despite initial conservative resistance, the Kingdom of Naples, followed by the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the Kingdom of Sardinia, and finally the Papal States, bowed to popular pressure and promulgated a constitution.
in wikipedia
During the 1840s the ‘July Monarchy’—established in France in 1830 under King Louis Philippe as a moderately liberal state—became increasingly reactionary in the face of economic problems and political dissent. In February 1848 the government extended its ban on political gatherings to include banquets, provoking crowds of Parisians to flood the streets, erect barricades, and demand reform. The protests soon turned violent and two days later the frightened Louis Philippe abdicated in favor of his nine-year-old grandson Philippe, Comte de Paris, before fleeing to Britain. However, the revolutionaries rejected any continuation of the monarchy and instead proclaimed a second French Republic.
in wikipedia
